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與日本刀相關的戰役、事件和歷史事件
214 件事件
April 12, Genki 4 (May 13, 1573)
In 1573, Takeda Shingen, the daimyo of Kai who was advancing toward Kyoto in the Saikō Campaign after crushing Tokugawa Ieyasu at Mikatagahara, fell fatally ill during the siege of Noda Castle and died at Komaba in Shinano Province at age 53 while retreating to Kai. His death collapsed the anti-Oda coalition and set the stage for the Takeda clan's later defeat at Nagashino and eventual destruction.
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May 4, Genki 3 (June 5, 1572 CE)
In the third year of Genki (1572), in Hyūga Province (present-day Miyazaki Prefecture), the Shimazu army under Shimazu Yoshihiro defeated the Itō army under Itō Yoshisuke through brilliant stratagem. With a small force, Shimazu Yoshihiro employed the tsurino-buse tactic to annihilate an Itō army more than three times their size, achieving a decisive victory in the struggle for hegemony between Satsuma and Hyūga. Through this battle, Yoshihiro's martial fame spread widely, and Shimazu clan control of Hyūga was firmly established. Called 'Hyūga's Okehazama,' this is the most important battle in the military history of Satsuma, Ōsumi, and Hyūga.
September 12, Genki 2 (October 1571)
In September 1571, Oda Nobunaga burned Enryakuji temple complex on Mount Hiei, killing its monks and lay inhabitants and destroying over a thousand years of religious buildings. The action — unprecedented in its totality — was simultaneously a military operation against a long-standing political enemy and a declaration that religious institutions were not exempt from worldly authority. It permanently changed the relationship between Buddhist power and secular governance in Japan.
February 11, 1167 (Nin'an 2)
In February 1167 (Nin'an 2), Taira no Kiyomori was appointed Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister of State)—the highest office in the imperial bureaucracy—becoming the first warrior in Japanese history to reach this position. Building on military victories in the Hogen and Heiji disturbances, Kiyomori used strategic marriage alliances and revenues from Japan's trade with Song China to establish the first de facto warrior government in Japan. His regime, though short-lived as a dynasty, prepared the institutional ground for the Kamakura shogunate and permanently altered the relationship between military power and political authority in Japan.
January 15, 1455 – 1482 CE
The Kyōtoku War (1454–1482) was a 28-year conflict in the Kantō region triggered when Ashikaga Shigeuji, the fifth Kamakura kubō, killed Kantō Kanrei Uesugi Noritada. The resulting war between the Furukawa kubō and the Uesugi/shogunate forces ushered in the Sengoku period in eastern Japan and profoundly disrupted the sword-making traditions of the Kantō region.
November 3, 1719 (Kyōhō 4)
On November 3, 1719 (Kyōhō 4), Honami Mitsutada presented the Kyōhō Meibutsuchō to the eighth shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune. This systematic catalogue recorded 274 famous swords from the Heian period onward—168 surviving and 80 destroyed—together with their signatures, provenance, dimensions, and certified valuations. Compiled as part of Yoshimune's Kyōhō Reforms to cultivate the martial sensibility of the samurai class, the Meibutsuchō remains the indispensable reference for Japanese sword research and stands as the most important systematic documentation of Japanese sword culture ever produced.
March 24, 1860 (3rd day, 3rd month, Man'en 1)
On March 3, 1860 (Manen 1), Tairō Ii Naosuke was assassinated by 18 rōnin from Mito and Satsuma outside Sakuradamon Gate of Edo Castle—the greatest political terrorism of the late Tokugawa period. This incident, carried out as retaliation for the Ansei Purge, symbolized the collapse of shogunate authority and intensified the Sonnō Jōi movement.
c. 1860 (Man'en 1), the period traditionally cited for Kondō Isami's reported acquisition of a "Kotetsu" blade
Shinsengumi commander Kondō Isami is said to have favored a blade by the celebrated smith Nagasone Kotetsu, ranked among the finest "saijō ō-wazamono." However, genuine Kotetsu blades were already scarce and forged signatures rampant in his era, and the prevailing view holds that Kondō's sword was likely a blade of the Minamoto Kiyomaro lineage with a falsely inscribed Kotetsu signature.
August 663 CE (2nd year of Emperor Tenji)
In 663, Wa (proto-Japan) suffered a devastating defeat against the Tang–Silla alliance in Korea while supporting the Baekje restoration movement. The largest overseas expedition in Wa history ended in failure, marking a historical turning point where Japan abandoned continental ambitions and pivoted to domestic state-building. The fall of Baekje—Japan primary conduit for continental technology—and the shock of defeat became a catalyst for Japan to independently absorb and develop Tang iron and sword-making techniques, profoundly influencing the later emergence of the tachi sword form.
February 15 – September 24, 1877 (Meiji 10)
From February to September 1877, Saigō Takamori led Satsuma samurai in the final samurai rebellion against the Meiji government. Symbolizing the clash of sword and rifle, the siege of Shiroyama and Saigō's death became the iconic end of the samurai era, occurring just one year after the Haitōrei edict banning sword-wearing.
October 24, 1876 (Meiji 9)
In October 1876, a group of reactionary samurai called the Shinpūren (League of the Divine Wind) raided Kumamoto Garrison using only swords and spears, rejecting firearms as spiritually impure. The uprising was crushed within hours, but its ideological intensity — anti-modernization, Shinto fundamentalism, sword-as-sacred-object — made it one of the strangest episodes in Meiji Japan.
August–September 1868 (Keiō 4)
The climactic siege of Aizu domain in August–September 1868, part of the Boshin War. The defense of Tsuruga Castle (Aizu-Wakamatsu) and the tragedy of the Byakkotai youth corps became enduring symbols of samurai loyalty at the end of the feudal era.
July 4, 1868 (Keiō 4, 5th month, 15th day)
On May 15, 1868, the Shōgitai — former Tokugawa loyalists entrenched at Kan'eiji temple on Ueno hill — were crushed by imperial forces in a single day. The battle was the first urban combat of the Boshin War in Edo and ended organized Tokugawa resistance in the city.
May 3, 1868 (11th day of the 4th month of Keiō 4)
On the 11th day of the 4th month of Keiō 4 (May 3, 1868), negotiations between Saigō Takamori and Katsu Kaishū resulted in the bloodless surrender of Edo Castle, averting a general assault on the million-strong city. This decision stands as one of history's most remarkable bloodless transfers of power, sparing Japan's largest city from devastating urban warfare.
May–September 1868 (Keiō 4)
From May to September 1868 (Keiō 4), Nagaoka Domain of Echigo participated in the Boshin War as a member of the Ōuetsu Alliance, fighting against Imperial government forces. Domain elder Kawai Tsugusuke deployed Gatling cannons to devastate the government forces, conducting fierce operations that earned him the title 'the last samurai.'
January 3, 1868 (9th day of the 12th month of Keiō 3)
Issued in the name of Emperor Meiji on the 9th day of the 12th month of Keiō 3 (January 3, 1868), the Imperial Restoration Proclamation abolished the offices of regent and shogunate and declared the establishment of a new government with three posts. That same night, the Kogo-sho Conference decided Tokugawa Yoshinobu must resign his offices and return his domains, marking the effective end of the Edo shogunate.
November 9, 1867 (14th day of the 10th month of Keiō 3)
On the 14th day of the 10th month of Keiō 3 (November 9, 1867), the 15th shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu returned political authority to the imperial court. This act brought the 265-year Edo shogunate to an end and enabled the transfer of power to the new Meiji government — one of the most decisive turning points in Japanese history.
November 15, 1867 (Keiō 3, 11th month, 15th day)
On the night of November 15, 1867, Sakamoto Ryōma—architect of the Satchō Alliance and broker of the peaceful restoration—was assassinated at the Ōmiya inn in Kyoto. Aged thirty-three, he died days after witnessing the success of the Taisei Hōkan. The identity of the assassins remains contested to this day, and his death by the sword—despite his preference for firearms—symbolizes the violent twilight of the sword-bearing era.
July 8, 1864 (5th day, 6th month, Genji 1)
In June 1864, the Shinsengumi burst into the Ikedaya inn in Kyoto, attacking a secret gathering of loyalist activists. The raid by Kondō Isami, Okita Sōji, and Hijikata Toshizō became the most famous sword-fighting event of the Bakumatsu era.
September 5–8, 1864 (Genji 1, 8th month, 5th–8th day); prior Chōshū attacks: June–July 1863
Between 1863 and 1864, a war in which the Allied naval fleets of Britain, America, France, and the Netherlands launched a retaliatory attack on Shimonoseki in response to the Chōshū domain's cannon attacks on foreign ships. On September 5, 1864 (the 8th day of the 8th lunar month), 17 Allied warships concentrated their cannon fire on the Chōshū artillery batteries in the Kanmon Strait, overwhelming them, and the Chōshū forces suffered a catastrophic defeat. This war made the Chōshū domain realize the impossibility of jōi and became a turning point toward the overthrow of the shogunate and the Meiji Restoration.
March 27, 1864 (Genji 1, 2nd month, 20th day) — insurrection at Mount Tsukuba; concluded at Tsuruga, January 1865
On March 27, 1864, the radical loyalist faction of Mito domain known as the Tengu-tō raised an insurrection at Mount Tsukuba under Fujita Kojirō and Takeda Kōunsai, clashing with shogunate forces and pro-shogunate domains. After a desperate march toward Kyoto, the group surrendered at Tsuruga in Echizen Province; 353 members including Takeda Kōunsai were executed. The rebellion was the tragic denouement of the Mitō school's expulsionist ideology played out in civil war within the domain that had originated it.
August 15–16, 1863 (Bunkyū 3, 7th month, 2nd–3rd day)
A war fought between the Satsuma domain and the British fleet in Kinko Bay on July 2-3, 1863 (lunar calendar). In response to seven British warships that arrived demanding reparations for the Namamugi Incident, the Satsuma artillery batteries opened fire. The British vessels burned Satsuma's steamships and bombarded the city, but Satsuma fiercely resisted and severely damaged the British warships. Through this conflict, Satsuma came to understand the futility of the expel-the-barbarians movement, improved relations with Britain, and shifted toward overthrowing the shogunate and pursuing modernization.
March 13, 1863 (Bunkyū 3, 2nd month, 4th day)
Formed in 1863 from the rōnin corps under Kyoto's Military Protectorate, the Shinsengumi was an elite swordsmen force that suppressed loyalist activists in late-Edo Kyoto. Under Captain Kondō Isami and Vice-Captain Hijikata Toshizō, they were feared for their martial prowess and strict code. Their legacy represents the final flowering of the Japanese sword in live combat.
April 23, 1862 (3rd month, 23rd day, Bunkyū 2)
In April 1862, at the Teradaya inn in Fushimi, Kyoto, a group of radical pro-emperor Satsuma samurai were subdued — by fellow Satsuma samurai sent by their own lord, Shimazu Hisamitsu. The bloody internal suppression became one of the defining episodes of the Bakumatsu period, illustrating how ideological fractures within domains could produce lethal sword violence between men of the same clan.